Sugar cane pests pdf

Outbreaks of the diseases fiji leaf gall, orange rust and smut have cost hundreds of millions of dollars and have impacted the sugarcane plant breeding program and onfarm management. Guangxi is the biggest sugarcane growers province in china, and it produced 5. For the 2014 season, sugar production is estimated at 2. Pyralidae distribution life cycle and description damage host plants natural enemies weather management selected references distribution back to top. The present area of sugarcane saccarum officinarum is about million ha with a total commercial world production of about 1254. These pests of sugarcane feed on the plants roots and underground stems.

It requires high temperatures, plenty of sunlight, large quantities of. Sugarcane diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Sugar cane cultivation and management download ebook pdf. Ssugar caneugar cane minister of agriculture, forestry.

Propagation sugarcane is vegetatively propagated by planting part of a mature cane called setts. Though maharashtra covers only 18 % area of total sugar cane cultivation, it contributes to 35 % in the countrys total sugar production because of higher recovery of sugar than any other state fig 3. The list of major that cause economic damage to this crop insects pests of sugarcane are given below, 1. Planting resistant varieties of sugar cane is the most effective method of controlling the disease. Most of the injury to young shoots is near the point where the shoots join the seed piece or stubble. The paper briefly discussed the main pests of sugarcane in china, and the integrated pest management, including. In pakistan, apanteles flavipes cameron became established on chilo partellus swinhoe, following its introduction from japan, but it seldom attacked sugar cane borers. Soilapplied insecticides reduced fire ant populations present during the spring, and have potential to enhance scb infestations.

Data from 2017 revealed average injury level to be 1%. Abstractpushpull strategies involve the behavioral manipulation of insect pests and their natural enemies via the integration of stimuli that act to make the protected. The byproducts from cane sugar processing, namely the straw and bagasse cane fibres, can be used to produce cellulosic ethanol, a secondgeneration biofuel. Pests such as borers and insects are more likely to impact a crop when they experience waterlogged conditions, while diseases can cause fungal growth and rot stocks. Sugar cane is the most efficient biofuel feedstock in commercial use today.

Sugarcane as such is neither exported nor imported, however the sugar which is a main produce of sugarcane crop is exported and imported as per the government policies. First described in java in 1893, it has since been identified in all countries where. Sugarcane improvement has traditionally focused on sucroseyield traits. The order of presentation of species follows that in pests of australian sugarcane 1993.

Moths of sugar cane stem borers lay their eggs underside the leaves. Pushpull strategies that are currently being developed, tested or have been used in practise in the control of insect pests read more figures figure 1. Sugarcane pests information vasantdada sugar institute. Make sure that you, your staff and your contractors are familiar with these pests and diseases, any of which would have serious consequences should they make it through border controls. Sugar cane is the common name of a species of herb belonging to the grass family. The varieties, which attain such level at 12, 14 and 16 months age, if planted in decemberjanuary are broadly classified as.

Edis is the electronic data information source of ufifas extension, a collection of information on topics relevant to you. Chapter 1 introduction in vitro approaches for improvement of sugarcane cultivar page 1. Successful attempts made for biological control of sugar cane pests by introduction, redistribution, conservation and augmentation are discussed. The sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis fabricius, is native to the western hemisphere, but not to the united states. They feed on tillers and older shoots from within tunnels lined with silk and usually boreout tissue within 1 inch above or below the soil line. Ii growth and production of sugarcane willy verheye encyclopedia of life support systems eolss sugar cane is a perennial grass that thrives well in tropical and frostfree warm. Dec, 2016 stripping of cane leaves may minimize attack select and plant the scale insect free setts avoid water stagnation for the longer period detrash the crop at 150th and 210th day of planting. Significant yield loss including total crop destruction can occur. Insect management in sugarcane 4 larvae enter the soil to burrow into soft young plant tissue usually within 38 inch of the soil surface. Give hot water treatment before planting presoak the setts in 0.

Thus, while the slope remained the same, more than doubling the area harvested in one state substantially reduced the variability. Sugarcane is considered to be mature and ready for harvesting if it attains over 16% sucrose and 85% purity of cane juice. Sugarcane borer damage causes infected canes to produce 45% less sugar than noninfected plants. Sugarcane can be grown in tropical and subtropical areas as well. Sugarcane originated in asia, probably in new guinea. A number of good books exist on field practices related to the growing of sugar cane. Of the seedrotting diseases, red rot is one of the most serious.

Sugarcane is not only cash crop for the growers, but it is main source of white crystal sugar. Mosiac, leaf, scald, rust and smut can be controlled through the use of resistant varieties and are not chemically treated. Aesa based ipm sugarcane 1 aesa based ipm package for sugarcane sugarcane plant description. During the last decade the treatises of geerligs, and of jones and scard, which specialize on cane sugar manufacture. Infestations cause direct and indirect damage, and early maturing varieties are more susceptible. Ii growth and production of sugarcane willy verheye encyclopedia of life support systems eolss sugar cane is a perennial grass that thrives well in tropical and frostfree warm temperate areas. It is a perennial plant which can grow up to 4,25 m. Pests of australian sugarcane sugar research australia. Decrease water wastage, kill monoculture, provide extra income. They feed on tillers and older shoots from within tunnels lined with silk and usually boreout tissue within 1 inch above or below. Wireworms are a belowground pest of newly planted sugarcane and are rarely a pest in ratoon sugarcane.

Growth and production of sugar cane encyclopedia of life. Sugarcanes belong to the grass family poaceae, an economically. Eldana saccharina, polyocha depressella, scirpophaga excerptalis and sesamia grisescens. Some examples of overground insect pests in sugarcane common name scientific name order or family root stock borer emmalocera depressalis pyralidae. Most of the worlds sugarcane is grown in subtropical and tropical areas. Adult sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis fabricius.

Exotic pests and diseases and more commonly endemicestablished pests. This volume is intended for reference by the commercial sugar cane grower. Weeds cause more economic loss in sugarcane than all other pests combined. The balance is grown in the northern irrigated areas that comprise pongola and mpumalanga lowveld. Sugar cane shoot borer seed cane elsevier publishing company cane stalk these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Sugarcane planting r ecommendations for louisiana sugarcane producers the success of a sugarcane farming operation depends on the ability to produce good stands of plant cane and maintain suitable stands for stubble crops. Sugarcane, saccharum officinarum, perennial grass of the family poaceae, primarily cultivated for its juice from which sugar is processed.

The absence of any recent english literature dealing with the sugar cane, which prompted me to compile sugar and the sugar cane, can no longer be offered as a reason for the production of an extended textbook on cane sugar. In 1973, commercial sugar cane production started in texas, resulting in a larger area harvested and slightly steeper regression. Sugarcane was then introduced into indonesia and the farther reaches of the pacific via the early pacific. Sugarcane, saccharum officinarum, is a perennial grass in the family poaceae grown for its stem cane which is primarily used to produce sucrose. Natural enemies are used such as predators, parasites and pathogenic microorganisms for controlling pest populations or diseases. Luxurious growth should be avoided during cane ripening which can be achieved by low temperature, low nitrogen level. Other sugarcane products include molasses, rum, and cachaca a brazilian alcohol, and the plant itself can be used as thatch and as livestock fodder. Sugarcane belongs to bamboo family of plants and is indigenous to india. Stem borer of sugarcane the scientific name of stem borer of sugarcane is chilo infuscatellus snellen with family. Ongoing survey efforts are assessing the level of borer injury in cane at the time of harvest through examination of billet samples from five sugar mills. The open wounds these pests create by tunneling can also leave the plant susceptible to secondary pest or disease problems. Losses in sugarcane production due to different insects and pests in india name of pest % reduction in cane yield % reduction in sugar recovery. Top borer of sugarcane the scientific name of top borer of sugarcane is scirpophaga novella fabricius with family pyralidae and belonging to order lepideoptera.

Pest management of sugarcane insects louisiana state. However, the sugarcane crop is highly susceptible to various insect pests, weeds. Sugarcane is a long duration crop and faces various abiotic stresses like. Disciplines are covered for the successful production of a sugar cane crop. These groupings are somewhat arbitrary and some species may cause more than one type of damage. Lepidopteran stemborers are amongst the most important insect pests of maize, sorghum and sugarcane in subsaharan africa. Severe pest and disease outbreaks in the australian sugarcane industry have caused some heavy losses to productivity. Sugarcane cultivation information guide asia farming. The leaves of the plant grow from the nodes of the stem, arranged in two rows on either side of the stem. High priority exotic pest threats to the sugarcane industry. Successful attempts made for biological control of sugarcane pests by introduction, redistribution, conservation and augmentation are discussed. Sugar content at harvest is usually between 10 and 12 percent of the cane fresh weight, but under experimental conditions 18 percent or more has been observed.

In the future, energycanes with higher yields of fermentable sugars and fibre bagasse for biofuel and electricity. Their first use was as a chewing cane in melanesia, probably in new guinea, from the indigenous strain saccharum robustum. Losses due to smut in sugarcane depend on various factors viz. It rivals mosaic in its nearly universal distri bution in the sugarcane world. Sugar production by major producing countries fao 3. Pest management of sugarcane insects louisiana state university. Sugarcane has a thick, tillering stem which is clearly divided into nodes and internodes. Zinc phosphide is occasionally used to kill the rats. Mosaic, which causes mottling or spotting of foliage and sometimes curling, dwarfing, and narrowing of the leaves, is due to infection by any of several viruses. Sugarcane, or sugar cane are several species and hybrids of tall perennial grasses in the genus saccharum, tribe andropogoneae, that are used for sugar production. A tropical grass native to asia, sugarcane plants have been grown for over 4,000 years.

Biological control of insectpest in sugarcane agropedia. Within 36 to 48 hours larvae come out of the eggs and start. Sereh, a blackening and degeneration of the fanlike tops, is caused by an east indian virus. With the exception of chilo partellus swinhoe, which was accidentally introduced into africa. Ppt sugarcane diseases powerpoint presentation free to. Biology of sugarcane borer is described by holloway et al. By ziaulhussnain, asia naheed and saadia rizwana shakarganj sugar research institute, jhang, pakistan abstract sugarcane saccharum sp.

Stripping of cane leaves may minimize attack select and plant the scale insect free setts avoid water stagnation for the longer period detrash the crop at 150th and 210th day of planting. Cane and beet sugar extracts contain sucrose and undesirable amounts of polysaccharides, lignins, proteins, starches, gums, waxes, and other colloidal impurities that contribute colour andor taste to the crystalline product and reduce. Sugarcane is an established source of sugar and is the current benchmark firstgeneration feedstock for efficient biofuel production. The variety and species of pests in sugarcane crop is astonishing, as mentioned nearly 288 insects from the following orders and families are found in this crop. Weeds cause loss of tonnage in field, reduced sucrose recovery in the mill, and shorter ratoon life. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Insect pests constitute a major biotic stress in sugarcane in india as they attack the crop from the time of planting until almost harvest, inflicting yield and sugar losses. Biological control of insectpest in sugarcane natural enemies are used such as predators, parasites and pathogenic microorganisms for controlling pest populations or diseases. In pakistan, apanteles flavipes cameron became established on chilo partellus swinhoe, following its introduction from japan, but it seldom attacked sugarcane borers. Sugarcane pests information vasantdada sugar institute vsi. Growing biodynamic sugar cane in india growing sugar cane amongst rice paddy and vegetable crops developed a way to open up canes to allow more light, plus increase production for a smaller plant out. The plant is also grown for biofuel production, especially in brazil, as the canes.

Pests and diseases because of the long growth duration that sugarcane crop needs, it is extremely vulnerable to insect pests and diseases, some estimates suggest that 20. The varieties, which attain such level at 12, 14 and 16 months age, if planted in decemberjanuary are broadly classified as early, midlate and late maturing types. Some interesting examples of different group of natural enemies are. Amongst sugar cane pests, borers cause more damage to the crop. It requires best crop management practices along with input fertilizers to get maximum yield. Results of studies on seasonal history, field ecology and control methods of major pests conducted during the last four decades at different sugarcane research centres in india are presented. If rainfall is too low, plants should be grown with irrigation to maximize yield. Origin and distribution the names sugar and sugar cane have been derived from the sanskrit word. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Sugar content seems to decrease slightly with increased cane yields. In the 201112 season, south africa produced its lowest sugar crop in the past 15 years at 1. These underground stems, in particular, can fall victim to white grubs, also known as sugarcane grubs. Major insect pests include the mexican rice borer, the sugarcane borer, wireworms, and the sugarcane aphid which is a vector of sugarcane yellow leaf disease.

In consecutive chapters borers, termites, leafhopper, white fly, black bug, mealy bug, scale insect, beetles and beetle grubs, sugarcane mites, army worm, grasshoppers, aphids and rats are dealt with. Sugarcane requires an average annual rainfall of between 1800 and 2500 mm per year for adequate growth. A number of pests and diseases can impact sugar cane. Sucrose content of infected cane is reduced to 3 7%. Sugarcane whiteflies are one of the most important pests of sugarcane in south asian countries. Wireworms feed on the buds and root primordia during germination of sugarcane seed pieces, and on shoots and roots after germination.